
,V&cts concern'mc 
its cWrn ate-, ScA /mineral 
'and &ar lcu^tturaA TesovtrceS 





Glass Fsgf 
Book ' f J&$ { 



OREGON. 



FACTS .REGARDING ITS CLIMATE, SOIL, MINERAL 

AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, MEANS 

OF COMMUNICATION, COMMERCE 

AND INDUSTRY, LAWS, 

&C, &C 



FOR THE USE OF IMMIGRANTS, 



WITH MAP. 




^REGON STATE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION, 

ANKENY BUILDING, PORTLAND, OREGON. 

EASTERN OFFICE, 

32S WASHINGTON STREET, 

Room No. 8, 
BOSTON", JVLJ^SS. 



1876. 



„eu-' 

The Oregon Central Railroad Company. 

Passenger-trains from Portland for St. Joseph and all intermediate 
pohvte every afternoon, except Sunday, returning from St. Joseph to 
Portland and all intermediate points every morning; connecting at 
Cornelius with stages for Forest Grove ; at St. Joseph for all points 
south and west, — Lafayette, McMinnville, Amity, Monmouth, Inde- 
pendence, Buena Vista and Corvallis. 

Passengers getting on the train at Ticket Stations without tickets 
will be charged twenty-five cents extra. 

J. BSANDT, Jan., Superintendent. 



LAND DEPARTMENT 



OF 



THE OREGON & CALIFORNIA RAILROAD COMPAE 

The Oregon and California Railroad Company have a large grant of 
land from the United States Government, which they sell on very 
liberal conditions at the low prices of $1.25 to $7 per acre, payable in 
United States currency. The purchaser can pay cash, in which case 
he will be allowed a discount of ten per cent on the purchase price ; or 
he can have ten years' time in which to make up the same by small 
annual payments, with interest at seven per cent per annum. In this 
case the purchaser pays down one-tenth of the price. One year from 
the sale, he pays seven per cent interest on the remaining nine-tenths 
of the principal. At the end of the second year be pays one-tenth of 
the principal, and one year's interest on the remainder; and the same 
at the end of each successive year until all has been paid at the end of 
the ten years.- 

Suppose that eighty acres, at $5 per acre, equal to $100, were bought 
on a credit of ten years on August 1, 1874, the payments in this case 
will be as follows : — 



NOS. AND DATES OF PAYMENTS. 


PRINCIPAL. 


INTEREST. 


TOTAL. 


1 August 1, 1874 

2 August 1, 1875 

3 August 1, 1876 

4 August 1, 1877 

5. August 1, 1878 

6 August 1, 1879 

7 August 1, 1880 

8 August 1, 1881 

9 August 1, 1882 

10 August 1, 1883 


$40 00 

'46' 66* 

40 00 
40 00 
40 00 
40 00 
40 00 
40 00 
40 00 
40 00 


$25*20 

25 20 

22 40 

19 60 

16 80 

14 00 

11 20 

8 40 

5 60 

2 80 


$40 00 
25 20 
65 20 
62 40 
59 60 
58 80 
54 00 
51 20 
48 40 
45 60 


11 August 1, 1884 


42 80 




$400 00 


$151 20 


$551 20 



Address letters and applications for land, To the Land Department of 
the Oregon and California Railroad, Portland, Oregon ; or, To the 
Eastern Office of the Land Department O. & C. B.R., 328 Washington 
Street, Boston. 



Western Orep-Its Resources anfl Climate. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 

Oregon is the most north-westerly State in the Union, 
being situated between the 42d and 46th degrees of northern 
latitude. It is bounded on the east by Idaho, on the west by 
the Pacific Ocean, on the north by the Columbia River and 
Washington Territory, and on the south by California and 
Nevada. It extends, on an average, for 350 miles east and 
west, and for 275 miles north and south, and contains 95,274 
square miles, with an area of about 60,000,000 acres. 

The Cascade Mountains, with their lofty snow-capped peaks, 
stretch across the State from the north to the south, at a 
distance of about 110 miles from the Pacific Ocean. They 
divide the State into two distinct geographical sections, known 
as Eastern and Western Oregon. 

The latter — that is, the region lying between the Cascade 
Mountains and the Pacific Ocean — is far more advanced in 
civilization than the former; and within its natural bounda- 
ries nine-tenths of the present population of the State are 
living. In mildness and healthiness of climate, richness of 
natural resources, and beauty of scenery, Western Oregon is 
unsurpassed by any part of the United States. 

Another chain of mountains, the so-called Coast Range, 
also running north and south, at a distance varying from 40 
to 70 miles from the Cascade Mountains, and proportionately 
nearer to the Pacific Coast, divides, in conjunction with the 
last-named chain and the spurs of both, Western Oregon into 
a number of more or less extensive valleys. The most 
important of these is the great valley of the Willamette 
River, flowing from south to north between the Coast Range 
and Cascade Mountains, in which latter it has its origin. 

The Willamette Valley, the acknowledged garden of the 
Pacific Coast, is about 150 miles in length, and from 30 to 60 
miles in width. The valley at large comprises many minor 



valleys, traversed by the numerous tributaries of the "Willa- 
mette. What with the towering mountains bordering it to the 
east and west, and its charmingly diversified surface of rolling 
prairie, dotted with wooded hills and fringed with thickly- 
timbered bottom lands, it forms a landscape of rare beauty. 

On approaching the Valley of the Willamette by the 
Columbia River, the country along that river has the appear- 
ance of a dense forest, from the thick growth of tall ever- 
green trees near the stream and on the distant mountains; 
the timber and high banks obscure the view of the better 
portions of the Columbia River country. From the mouth 
of the Willamette, and south from Portland 20 miles, the 
country has nearly the same appearance. 

Then a marked change comes over the whole appearance 
of the valley; a succession of beautiful, open prairies, with 
narrow skirts of tall firs, pine, oak, ash, maple, and cedar, 
border the prairies and tributaries of the Willamette River. 
This timber often gives the appearance of an extended forest, 
when there are only one or two miles of timber; and, again, 
a beautiful prairie opens to view, prairie and timber being 
conveniently combined. 

In the southern part of Western Oregon, the largest valley 
is that of the Rogue River, which rises in the Cascade Range, 
and flows westwardly into the Pacific. It is rich both in 
agriculture and mineral resources. 

Between the Rogue River and the Willamette Valley lies 
that of the TTmpqua River, another tributary of the Pacific. 
This valley is 75 miles long, with an average width of 40 
miles. It is also very productive. 

CLIMATE. — SALUBRITY. 

The climate of Western Oregon is mild and equable, differ- 
ing in this from that of the Eastern States, that it is neither 
too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Owing to the 
proximity of the Pacific and the Gulf Stream of that ocean, 
snow or frost never prevails to any considerable degree. The 
average temperature explains this fact. The average for 
spring is 52 degrees; for summer, 67 degrees; for autumn, 53 
degrees ; and, for winter, 39 degrees Fahrenheit, — showing a 
mean deviation of only 28 degrees during the year. The 



average yearly rainfall is 44 inches, — about the same as at 
Davenport (lo.), Memphis, and Philadelphia. Thunder- 
storms are almost unknown in Western Oregon, and the 
disastrous hurricanes and whirlwinds of the Atlantic States 
entirely so. 

According to the census of 1870, the death-rate in Oregon is 
lower than in any other State or Territory in the Union, 
excepting Idaho, being only .69 per cent of the population ; 
while in California it is 1.16; in Vermont,* 1.07; Massachu- 
setts, 1.77; Indiana, 1.05; Illinois, 1.33; Kansas, 1.25; and, 
in Missouri, 1.63. 

The equable temperature, the absence of high cold winds 
and sudden atmospheric changes, render people less subject 
to bronchial, rheumatic, and inflammatory complaints, than 
in other parts of the country where the extremes of heat and 
cold are greater, and the changes of temperature more sudden 
and violent. Malarious fevers prevail to some extent in the 
close proximity to water-courses; but they are of a mild type, 
and yield rapidly to treatment. 

NATURAL RESOURCES. 

Soil. — In the river bottoms, black loam prevails. The 
prairie lands immediately between the river bottoms and the 
hills forming the outrunners of the great mountain ranges, 
and known as "foot-hills," consist usually of a dark deep 
loam or marl, with a clay subsoil. The hill lands consist 
mostly of red, brown, or black loam; the red predominating 
in the central portion of the valley, and the black near the 
mountains. 

Timber. — On the lowlands such evergreens as the fir, 
cedar, pine, and yew, as well as oak, ash, maple, and alder, 
grow in abundance for all purposes. In the "foot-hills*' 
scattering oaks and firs, with a thick second growth in many 
places, are found. The mountain ranges are mostly heavily 
timbered with tall firs, pine, spruce, hemlock, cedar, larch, 
and laurel, without much undergrowth, except near water- 
courses. The growth of timber reaches what would be con- 
sidered extraordinary dimensions in the Atlantic States ; the 
fir and pine attain very great heights. Black walnut and 
hickory have been introduced successfully. 

Minerals. — Iron and lead are found in various parts of the 



State in large quantities. Limestone and coal have been 
found at many points. Gold and silver have been discovered 
all over the State, but only in Southern and Eastern Oregon 
in quantities warranting mining operations. 

Natural Grasses. — The native grasses of "Western Oregon 
are not surpassed in nutritiousness by those of any other 
part of the American Union; they retain their fattening 
qualities until late in the autumn. The rains, which fall 
regularly in May and June, prevent an early drying up. 

Water Supply. — Oregon is probably the best- watered State 
in the Union. Western Oregon is traversed in all directions 
by rivers and smaller water-courses, fed by springs, melting 
snow from the highest mountains, and copious rains. There 
is a regular rainy season, lasting from early in November till 
April. Owing to the abundant rain, the extreme dryness that 
regularly prevails in the other Pacific States during the sum- 
mer season is not experienced in Oregon. Soft, pure water 
abounds everywhere. The country is also well supplied 
with water-power for industrial purposes. Numerous min- 
eral springs are found in the Willamette Valley, some of 
which are places of resort for invalids. 

Fisheries. — The Columbia River is noted for its fine sal- 
mon, which, in various forms of preservation, constitute an 
article of export to all parts of the world. The fish are taken 
in tide-water in immense quantities, fresh from the ocean, 
as they ascend the river. The salmon-catch, as worked by 
nets and traps, now yields annually one million and a half of 
dollars ; and a vast field is still open for business. Many other 
kinds of fish are taken. The mountain streams are full of 
fine trout. 

Game. — Elk, deer, black and brown bears, Oregon cougar, 
or California lion, with numerous other smaller quadrupeds, 
and swans, geese, ducks, grouse, pheasants, and quails con- 
stitute the game of the country. Of the larger game, only 
the deer frequent the inhabited portions of the country. 
Winged game is especially abundant. 

PRODUCTS. 

Oregon is unquestionably the finest farming country in the 
United States. Every kind of agricultural product that 



grows at all in Oregon attains a perfection, both as tc size 
and quality, that are rarely found in other parts of the Union, 
not even excepting California. This is as strictly true of 
cereals as of vegetables and fruit. 

Grain. — The wheat of Oregon is noted for its superior 
quality, and commands a high price in the grain markets of 
the world. The berry is very bright and plump, often 
weighing 65 to 69 pounds to the bushel measurement. Wheat 
is the principal product. Oats are next in importance. The 
standard weight for oats in Oregon is 36 pounds; but the soil 
and climate are so well adapted to their growth that the 
weight of 45, even of 50 pounds to the bushel, is often reached. 
Barley is also successfully raised. Corn is grown in many 
localities with success; but it is not made a specialty, the 
average summer being too cool for its successful culture. 
With good cultivation the wheat lands will yield from 26 to 
45 bushels of wheat per acre, 40 to 70 bushels of barley, 
and from 68 to 80 bushels of oats. These figures can be 
safely relied on. 

Weevil, smut, or drought is seldom known in Oregon. No 
failure of the wheat crop has occurred since the settlement of tfie 
country ; that is, during a continuous period of thirty years. 

Flax. — The soil and climate of Western Oregon seem 
peculiarly favorable to the culture of flax, but thus far it has 
been pursued mainly for the seed. The lint has been tested 
in Europe (Dundee and Belfast); and competent authorities 
have pronounced it in fineness, strength, and quality quite 
equal to the best European growths. 

Vegetables.— A superior quality of every kind of vegetable 
Is grown. Potatoes, cabbages, turnips, squashes, beets, car- 
rots, parsnips, cucumbers, tomatoes, and onions grow in pro- 
fusion. Potatoes yield from 200 to 500 bushels to the acre. 
Root diseases are unknown. 

Fruit. — Apples, pears, and plums grow in such abundance 
that trees have to be regularly propped up to prevent them 
from breaki ng under the weight of their crops. Pears, plums, 
cherries, and German prunes are very superior. Strawberries, 
currants, raspberries, and gooseberries grow abundantly, and 
have a peculiarly fine flavor. Several varieties of the hardier 
kinds of grapes are raised in large quantities. Peaches grow 



8 



well in some favorable localities; but the Willamette Valley 
cannot be called a good peach country, owing to the coolness 
of the summer nights. In 1875, establishments were erected 
at various points for drying fruit; and the result is very en- 
couraging. The fruit is of the best quality, and finds a ready 
sale in San Francisco, as well as in New York, China, Japan, 
South America, Australia, and other ports, thus opening an 
unlimited market for this product. Over 1,170,000 bushels of 
apples were gathered in 1875. 

Cultivated Grasses, — Timothy or herds' grass grows well 
in every part of the State, and is the staple article for hay. 
Red and white clover, with proper preparation of soil, grow 
luxuriantly; Alfalfa, blue grass, and orchard grass do finely 
everywhere. 

Live Stock. — The mild winter climate of Oregon, and the 
fact that the grass remains green nearly the whole year, 
make it an excellent country for raising every kind of stock. 
Oregon wool is of recognized superior quality, owing td the 
cool summers, warm winters, and continued green feed for 
sheep. The State census of 1875 enumerates 512,300 sheep, 
98,500 hogs, 67,300 horses, 235,000 head of cattle. 

Dairies. — The climate especially favors the successful pur- 
suit of the dairy business. The cool summer nights, the 
abundance of cool spring- water, the freedom from sultry and 
wet weather and thunder-storms during the warm season, 
greatly facilitate the production of butter and cheese. 

According to the State census, Oregon had in 1875, 500,000 
acres of land in cultivation, producing: — 

Bushels of wheat . . . . . . . 5,080,000 

" " oats 2,850,000 

Bushels of barley 241,000 

"rye . . 17,000 

" corn 94,000 

" " potatoes ....... 506,000 

" " apples ....... 1,171,000 

Tons of hay 192,000 

Pounds of wool 1,860,000 

" " cheese 188,000 

44 44 butter • 1,472,000 



POPULATION, TOWNS, &o. 

The population of Oregon is about 108,000 souls. The prin- 
cipal centre of population is the city of Portland, the commer- 
cial emporium of the State, with a population of over 15,000, 
situated 13 miles from the junction of the Willamette and the 
Columbia Rivers. It is practically a seaport, the Willamette 
River being navigable for ocean steamers as well as sailing 
vessels. The commerce of Portland is very extensive. The 
other leading towns of the State are Salem (the capital), 
Oregon City, Albany, Harrisburg, and Eugene City, — all 
these on the Willamette, — Astoria at the mouth of the Co- 
lumbia, and Roseburg and Jacksonville in the southern part 
of the State. 

MEANS OP COMMUNICATION. 

Navigable Streams.— The principal navigable river is the 
Columbia, which is navigable throughout the year to the 
Willamette, 100 miles from its mouth; and thence eastwardly 
with two interruptions at the Cascades and the Dalles, where 
there are railroad portages, to Priest's Rapids in Washington 
Territory, 296 miles from the ocean ; and on its tributary the 
Snake River, to Lewiston in Idaho, 470 miles from the ocean. 
The Willamette River is navigable for ocean steamers and 
sailing vessels to Portland, 110 miles from the sea, and for 
river steamers for 100 miles during six months of the year. 
The obstruction caused by the falls of this river at Oregon 
City has been overcome by means of locks. Several tribu- 
taries of the Willamette are navigable during the winter 
season. 

There is regular communication by ocean steamers between 
Portland and San Francisco, Washington Territory, British 
Columbia and Alaska; and by river boats to all points on the 
Columbia and Willamette. 

Railroads. — The Oregon and California Railroad is now 
completed from Portland to Roseburg, in the TJmpqua Valley, 
a distance of 200 miles. It follows the east bank of the 
Willamette, and touches all the leading towns of the State. 
From Roseburg a stage route, 275 miles long, leads to Red- 
ding, in the Sacramento Valley, the present terminus of the 
California railroad system. 



10 

Another railroad, the Oregon Central, is in course of con- 
struction from Portland up the west bank of the river. Fifty 
miles of it are now completed and operated. 

Various railroads are projected to connect Oregon with the 
Pacific roads and the railroad system of the Atlantic States. 

Common Hoads.— The natural roads of the State are good. 
The country being open and rolling, and the ground seldom 
frozen, they are nearly always in passable condition for mar- 
keting products from the farm. 

COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY. 

Commerce. — The vastness of the natural resources of Ore- 
gon, the development of which has been very rapid during 
the last few years, together with the means of internal com- 
inunication described, and the favorable geographical position 
(if the State, have given rise to a very active domestic and for- 
eign trade. The products of the "Willamette and Uxnpqua 
Valleys are carried thence by the Oregon and California and 
Oregon Central Railroads, or by steamboats on the Willamette 
to Portland, from which place they are regularly shipped to 
the United Kingdom, the Sandwich Islands, China, Australia, 
and San Francisco. A cargo of wheat can be shipped from 
Portland, Oregon, to Europe, for less money than from Chicago, 
the great grain-market of the West. During the harvest year 
of 1873-4, 55 cargoes of wheat and flour were shipped from 
Portland direct to the United Kingdom. 

The Governor of the State, in his last message to the Legis- 
lature, delivered Sept. 16, 1874, says, "The value of our 
exports has reached a sum certainly exceeding ten millions of 
dollars. I estimate the export value of our wheat and flour 
at nearly four millions, gold ; . of oats, other grain, and fruits, 
one million ; of wool, hides, meats, cattle, and horses, at two 
millions ; of salmon, at one million five hundred thousand ; of 
lumber and coal, at one million ; of gold, silver, and iron, at 
one million five hundred thousand. This exhibit for a popu- 
lation of one hundred thousand people is almost without a 
parallel.' ' 

Industry, — The production of lumber has already attained 
very large proportions. Throughout the State saw-mills are 



in successful operation. They produced 100,000,000 feet in 
1875. Much of the lumber is exported. 

Fine flour-mills of large capacity are also found in all part 
of the State, the most important of which are located in towr 
on the Willamette. 

The manufacture of woollen goods is already a very im pn*v 
ant interest. It has reached a value of not far from $1,000,000 

There exist also iron furnaces and foundries, machine-shops 
agricultural implements, factories, paper-mills, oil and flax 
mills, and tanneries in the State. But, taken as a whole, the 
industry of the State is as yet but moderately developed, no> 
withstanding the unusual inducements offered by its natural 
resources and the wants of its inhabitants. 

VARIOUS OTHER INTERESTS. 

Labor : Wages. — Common laborers earn $2.00 ; mechanics, 
33.00 to $5.00; farm-hands, from $25.00 to $30.00 a month, and 
found. These figures are in gold. Farm-laborers, and espe- 
cially female servants, are in good demand. The latter earn 
as high wages as in California. Persons with some means 
and a knowledge of farming or a mechanical trade can easily 
establish themselves, and, with frugality and industry, acquire 
a competency in a few years. 

Ruling Prices. — For the past two years wheat in bulk at 
Portland has averaged from 80 cents to $1.20 per bushel; oats, 
50 cents; potatoes, 50 cents to 75 cents; apples, 50 cents; corn, 
$1.00 ; flax, $2.00; onions, $1.50; good average farm-horses, 
$100 each; oxen, $125 per yoke; good average milk cows, 
$25.00; sheep, $3.00 per head; wool, common graded, 35 cents 
per pound ; beef on foot, 5 to 6 cents ; fresh pork, 7 cents. The 
currency of the country being gold and silver, the above 
figures represent coin prices paid to producers. 

Price of .Land. — In the valley of the Willamette, good 
brush and timber lands can- be purchased for $2.50 per acre, 
and upwards, according to soil and locality. All the prairie 
lands are, however, taken up, but can be bought at from $8 
to $50 an acre. Along the foot-hills, and near them, small 
tracts or farms can be purchased with ample outside pastur- 
age for extensive stock-farms. The Oregon and California 
Kailroad Company have a large grant of land from the United 
States Government, which they sell on very liberal conditions 



12 

at the low prices of $1.25 to $7 per acre, payable in United 
States currency. The purchaser can pay cash, in which case 
he will be allowed a discount of ten per cent on the purchase 
price; or can have ten years* time in which to make up the 
same by small annual payments, with interest at seven per 
cent per annum. In this case the purchaser pays down one- 
tenth of the price. Oue year from the sale, he pays seven per 
cent interest on the remaining nine- tenths of the principal. 
At the end of the second year, he pays one-teuth of the prin- 
cipal and one year's interest on the remainder; and the same 
at the end of each successive year until all has been paid at 
the end of the ten years. There is an abundance of Govern- 
ment ]and surveyed and in the market, subject to the home- 
stead and pre-emption laws. 

Taxation. — State taxes are 5£ mills ; county taxes, from 5 
to 12 mills ; both exclusive of school taxes, which amount to 
3 mills. 

Public indebtedness in 1875: — 

State $106,583 

County 105,903 

Town, city, &c. . 6,000 

Total, $218,486 

Schools. — The common-school system of Oregon is much 
better than that of many of the older States. The State is 
also well provided with institutions for more advanced edu- 
cation. There is a large State school fund accumulating, 
which will eventually be nearly sufficient to support free 
schools. 

SUMMARY. 

Oregon invites the poor and the rich alike. We know of no 
other State in the Union offering such inducements to the poor 
man as does this State, while the man of wealth can invest his 
capital more safely and profitably here than anywhere else. 
Instead of the terrible cold and excessive heat, the frightful 
hurricanes and long winters, of the Eastern and Prairie States, 
and the frequent droughts of California, Western Oregon en- 
joys mild winters and cool summers, with ample moisture, 
undisturbed by hurricanes and thunderstorms. 

The eminent statesman, the late William H. Seward, spoke 
as follows in the published account of his visit to Oregon: " It 



13 

is in Oregon so far as I am able to determine, and nowhere 
else, that the Pacific climate, with its cool summers and mild 
^ winters, embraces and produces a higher and more varied fer- 
tility than is elsewhere realized. The fruits of Oregon are unsur- 
passed in quality, and unequalled in abundance. Wheat and 
other cereals grow and ripen here almost without care, as 
abundantly as they do with the use of irrigation in Utah, while 
the native soil, everywhere covered with fern and annual 
flowers, provokes the farmer to the cultivation of the potato 
and other esculent roots. What acquaintance I have made 
with the adventurous miners, descending the Columbia River, 
satisfies me that, if it were possible for the laborer to fail in 
other occupations, he would even in that case find an abund- 
ant reward in the gold deposits of the mountains. The useful 
metals and minerals abound everywhere; while a vast 
hydraulic power, invaluable under all circumstances, and in- 
dispensable in new communities, is distributed throughout 
all parts of the State." 

Pamphlets with map ami full description of the State, and 
all needed advice and assistance, may be had, free of charge, 
on application at the 

OSEflON STATE BOAED OF IMMIGRATION. 

Ankeny's Building, Portland, Oregon. 

Eastern Ofiice, 328 Washington Street, Rooin 8, Boston, Mass. 

Emigrants purchasing through tickets to any point ' on the 
Oregon and California and Oregon Central Railroads at the 
Office of the Oregon Steamship Company, 210 Battery Street, 
San Francisco, can obtain them at half the regular rates. 

Upon their arrival, immigrants will do well to call at the 
Lajsd Office of the O. & C. R. R., Railroad Building, Room 
No. 10, third floor, near the steamship landing, where they 
will receive all needed information in reference to settlement 
and lands, and on application obtain half -fare tickets on the 
railroad to their destination. A large collection of samples of 
Oregon products is kept at the Railroad Land Office for public 
inspection; also a complete set of township plats, showing all 
Government and railroad lands within thirty miles on both 
sdes of the O. & C. R. R. Maps of Western Oregon will be 

.furnisher? to immiVftllts FREE OF CHARGE. 



35 



PoM;^ 



WASHINGTON TERT 

/o to so d°^ laozm; 




& See, N.Y. 



U «B UlfflBU UDIUD WW, 



Through passenger-trains from Portland every morning, except Sun- 
days, for Oregon City, Salem, Albany, Junction City, Eugene 
City, and Rosebarg, returning from Roseburg every morning, 
except Sundays. 

Daily local express-trains from Portland to Albany and intermediate 
points each afternoon, except Sundays ; returning from Albany 
and all intermediate points every morning, except Sundays. 

The Oregon and California Railroad Ferry makes connection with all 
regular trains. 

Close connections are made at Roseburg with the stages of the 
Oregon and California Stage Company. 

5g^~ Tickets for sale to all the principal points in California and the 
East, at Company's Office, Cor. F and Front Streets, at Ferry 
Landing, Portland, Oregon. 

J. BRANDT, Jun., Superintendent. 



OREGON STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 



John L Stevens, Oriflamme, Ajax, and George W. Elder 

Leave Folsom-Street Wharf, San Francisco, Cal., for Portland, Oregon, 
three times a month during the winter, and weekly, Saturdays, 10 a.m., 
during the remainder of the year, connecting at Portland with steam- 
ers for 

Washington Territory, British Columbia, and Alaska, 

and with boats for all points on the Columbia River; also with the 
Oregon and California, and Oregon Central Railroads and connecting 
stage-lines, for the Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River valleys, 
Oregon. 

The steamers leave Portland for San Francisco, three times a month 
in the winter, and once a week during the other seasons. 

For cabin or steerage passage, apply to 

K. VAN OTERENDORP, 

General Agent and Superintendent \ 

210 Battery Street, 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., 

Or at the Wharf on day of sailing. 



1876. 1876. 



Oregon at the Centennial. 



Persons visiting Hie Centennial International Exhi- 
bition at Philadelphia, Pa., during tlie present year, will 
there have an opportunity of inspecting and comparing 
with similar prefects from all parts of Hie world, the 
natural, cultivate! and manufactured products of Oregon, 
exhibited in Hie Agricultural department of the exposi- 
tion, section E, 22, south-west division of the building, 



PjKlag 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



